今天看了PKU数字人文开放实验室的几个作品，一边感叹nb一边又有一种焦虑。
nb之处是把古代人文研究变得更黑箱化，想做一些文史类的研究的话会更方便，比如这个句读文本识别的作品“吾与点”，名字也很有意思，双关了论语的典故，也代表了古籍阅读中很重要的句读这个环节，还可以识别各种名词，做各种统计的话就很便捷了，如果深度开发一下那做量化历史的就很爽了。
焦虑之处呢是在于对有追求的文科生来说，文史专业对编程越来越有要求了。前几个月听的好几场讲座都是和数字人文相关的，要么就是引入了GIS对史料的地理数据进行分析，要么就是引入了NLP对基础文本的分析，就连想报个数字人文的暑校，也要求懂一点R语言和python。编程已经入侵到各个领域了，连纯文科也难以幸免。[苦涩]
nb之处是把古代人文研究变得更黑箱化，想做一些文史类的研究的话会更方便，比如这个句读文本识别的作品“吾与点”，名字也很有意思，双关了论语的典故，也代表了古籍阅读中很重要的句读这个环节，还可以识别各种名词，做各种统计的话就很便捷了，如果深度开发一下那做量化历史的就很爽了。
焦虑之处呢是在于对有追求的文科生来说，文史专业对编程越来越有要求了。前几个月听的好几场讲座都是和数字人文相关的，要么就是引入了GIS对史料的地理数据进行分析，要么就是引入了NLP对基础文本的分析，就连想报个数字人文的暑校，也要求懂一点R语言和python。编程已经入侵到各个领域了，连纯文科也难以幸免。[苦涩]
#文史趣话# 【一枝独秀】在中国的文化史上，有这样一个奇特的现象，有些诗人一首作品惊艳四海，众人大加赞赏，但再去翻翻其“履历”，却并无其他作品，或者更出众的作品。于是，这首“独苗”成为作者最闪亮的标签。这些诗人，只有一首诗，却好不妨碍他流传千古。这里选十八首流传千古的“一枝独秀”：1.唐·张若虚《春江花月夜》、2.唐·王翰《凉州词》、3.唐·刘希夷《代悲白头翁》、4.唐·张继《枫桥夜泊》、5.唐·崔护《题都城南庄》、6.唐·崔郊《赠婢》、7.唐·常建《题破山寺后禅院》、8.唐·王弯《次北固山下》、9.唐·张志和《渔歌子》、10.唐·赵嘏《长安晚秋》、11.唐·陈陶《陇西行四首·其二》、12.唐·金昌绪《春怨》、13.宋·林升《题临安邸》、14.宋·林逋《山园小梅》、15.宋·叶绍翁《游园不值》、16.唐·崔颢《黄鹤楼》、17........
#双语阅读#【古文里的高级审美词汇，怎样翻译成英文？】品佳作，赞盛景，本想脱口而出，奈何词穷无言。中华文化广而博，这里整理了一些古文中高级审美词汇表达，学起来吧！
1.洗炼 Terseness / Make Writing Succinct
精简词句，提炼要义。洗炼是一种文字干净、主旨鲜明的文学风格。
This term means that wording should be refined to highlight the essential message. Terseness is a mark of neat and thematically explicit writing.
▌引例
不洗不净，不炼不纯。惟陈言之务去，独戛戛乎生新。（孙联奎《诗品臆说》）
Nothing will be clean until it is cleansed. Nothing will be pure until it is refined. Only by ridding ourselves of any banality, can we become truly original.
2.雄浑 Powerfulness
指雄健有力、浑厚自然的艺术风格与审美气象。
This term, which literally means power and splendor, refers to a natural and powerful artistic style and aesthetic taste.
▌引例
大力无敌为雄，元气未分为浑。（杨廷芝《 <二十四诗品> 浅解》）
Powerfulness means invincible power and indivisible mass of vital energy.
3.纯素 Pure and Unadorned
纯粹而素朴。指纯然素朴、不加人工雕饰的本色之美。
This term refers to natural, unadorned beauty.
▌引例
纯素之道，惟神是守。守而勿失，与神为一。 （《庄子·刻意》）
Within spiritual being lies the value of pure simplicity. If you retain your spirit without fail, you became one with it.
4.隐秀 Latent Sentiment and Evident Beauty
诗歌与文章既隐含丰富的思想感情，又有秀美的名言佳句。
This term means that prose and poetry may contain latent sentiments and thoughts, as well as expressions and sentences that present an apparent sense of beauty.
▌引例
情在词外曰隐，状溢目前曰秀。 （张戒《岁寒堂诗话》卷上引刘勰语）
Latency happens when feelings and thoughts are hidden between the lines of a literary work. Evident beauty occurs when messages of sentiment and feelings are vividly portrayed by the images the author creates.
5.飘逸 Natural Grace
指诗歌作品中所表现出的逍遥自适、超凡脱俗、无拘无束的审美情趣和艺术风格。
Natural Grace refers to free and unconstrained aesthetic style and artistic appeal in poetic works.
▌引例
子美不能为太白之飘逸，太白不能为子美之沉郁。 （严羽《沧浪诗话·诗评》）
Du Fu could not write as freely and unconstrained as Li Bai, while the latter did not possess the style of melancholy and profoundness typical of Du Fu’s poems.
6.空灵 Ethereal Effect
空灵用笔洗练，重在传达神韵，具有空灵特点的作品澄澈透明、飘逸灵动，能使人体悟到自由超脱的审美愉悦。
The notion of ethereal effect values simple layout and economical use of details, seeking to convey character and imagination. Works that make use of ethereal effect convey a wonderful lucidity, and possess openness, freedom, and natural grace. Such works enable viewers to appreciate the aesthetic joy of free imagination.
▌引例
古人用笔极塞实处愈见空灵，今人布置一角已见繁缛。（恽格《南田画跋·题画》）
When painting, classical artists made use of ethereal effect all the more where a dense collection of objects normally was required. However today’s artists no sooner begin to paint than they fill the space with elaborate details.
7.枯淡 Dry Plainness
指诗文作品所呈现的质朴干枯、平和清淡的艺术风格。
This refers to a literary style that appears plain and dry, mild and moderate.
枯淡不是枯涩寡味、平庸浅薄，而是指外表看似干枯平淡、内里丰腴醇厚的一种表现手法，旨在用质朴平淡的语言和描写来表现丰富深刻的思想内容，创造出含蓄深邃、醇厚高远的意境。
▌引例
所贵乎枯淡者，谓其外枯而中膏，似淡而实美，渊明、子厚之流是也。（苏轼《评韩柳诗》）
I value the style of dry plainness because it looks withered and dry outside but is rich inside; it appears plain but is in fact beautiful. Poetry by such writers as Tao Yuanming and Liu Zongyuan is like this.
8.畅神 Free Flow of One's Mind
指精神与自然合一时所达到的自由舒畅的一种审美状态。
The term describes a state of mind one achieves when appreciating an artwork, in which process one's inner feelings interact freely and joyfully with nature.
▌引例
圣贤映于绝代，万趣融其神思，余复何为哉？畅神而已。（宗炳《画山水序》）
As sages of remote past already discovered the philosophical wisdom inherent in nature through imagination and contemplation, what more do I need to do now? All I have to do is relishing the joy when my mind interacts freely with the depicted landscape.
9.高古 Unadorned Antiquity
高远古朴，高雅简古。用于文艺批评，主要指文艺作品中所体现出的意蕴高远古朴、情志高雅，凝重而又深具历史感的艺术风格。
This term describes the quality of loftiness or primitive simplicity, and is used primarily in literary criticism to refer to an ancient nobility, an aspiration or sentiment, or an artistic style of historical gravity.
它有时也指高人雅士独具的一种人格境界。
This term is also used to refer to an elevated state of being attained by noble-minded persons.
▌引例
汉人诗文，存于今者，无不高古浑朴。（章学诚《文史通义·内篇五·妇学篇书后》）
Prose and poetry by Han Dynasty authors, so long as they have survived to this day, all show a lofty adherence to an unadorned antiquity and a charming rusticity.
10.气象 Prevailing Features
原是自然界中景色物候的总称，也指某个时期社会的总体精神风貌。
Qixiang (气象), originally a term about the general state of scenery and physical objects in nature, also refers to the prevailing features of a society in a given period of time.
具体到艺术领域，指艺术作品所呈现出的风格与气概，内涵偏重于宏伟壮大，多用“雄浑”（heroic）“浑厚”（immense）“峥嵘”（sublime）等来修饰。
▌引例
盛唐诸公之诗，如颜鲁公书，既笔力雄壮，又气象浑厚。（严羽《答出继叔临安吴景仙书》）
Works of many poets during the prime of the Tang Dynasty struck readers with their powerful expression, just like the calligraphy of Yan Zhenqing.（内容来源于中国日报网英语点津）
1.洗炼 Terseness / Make Writing Succinct
精简词句，提炼要义。洗炼是一种文字干净、主旨鲜明的文学风格。
This term means that wording should be refined to highlight the essential message. Terseness is a mark of neat and thematically explicit writing.
▌引例
不洗不净，不炼不纯。惟陈言之务去，独戛戛乎生新。（孙联奎《诗品臆说》）
Nothing will be clean until it is cleansed. Nothing will be pure until it is refined. Only by ridding ourselves of any banality, can we become truly original.
2.雄浑 Powerfulness
指雄健有力、浑厚自然的艺术风格与审美气象。
This term, which literally means power and splendor, refers to a natural and powerful artistic style and aesthetic taste.
▌引例
大力无敌为雄，元气未分为浑。（杨廷芝《 <二十四诗品> 浅解》）
Powerfulness means invincible power and indivisible mass of vital energy.
3.纯素 Pure and Unadorned
纯粹而素朴。指纯然素朴、不加人工雕饰的本色之美。
This term refers to natural, unadorned beauty.
▌引例
纯素之道，惟神是守。守而勿失，与神为一。 （《庄子·刻意》）
Within spiritual being lies the value of pure simplicity. If you retain your spirit without fail, you became one with it.
4.隐秀 Latent Sentiment and Evident Beauty
诗歌与文章既隐含丰富的思想感情，又有秀美的名言佳句。
This term means that prose and poetry may contain latent sentiments and thoughts, as well as expressions and sentences that present an apparent sense of beauty.
▌引例
情在词外曰隐，状溢目前曰秀。 （张戒《岁寒堂诗话》卷上引刘勰语）
Latency happens when feelings and thoughts are hidden between the lines of a literary work. Evident beauty occurs when messages of sentiment and feelings are vividly portrayed by the images the author creates.
5.飘逸 Natural Grace
指诗歌作品中所表现出的逍遥自适、超凡脱俗、无拘无束的审美情趣和艺术风格。
Natural Grace refers to free and unconstrained aesthetic style and artistic appeal in poetic works.
▌引例
子美不能为太白之飘逸，太白不能为子美之沉郁。 （严羽《沧浪诗话·诗评》）
Du Fu could not write as freely and unconstrained as Li Bai, while the latter did not possess the style of melancholy and profoundness typical of Du Fu’s poems.
6.空灵 Ethereal Effect
空灵用笔洗练，重在传达神韵，具有空灵特点的作品澄澈透明、飘逸灵动，能使人体悟到自由超脱的审美愉悦。
The notion of ethereal effect values simple layout and economical use of details, seeking to convey character and imagination. Works that make use of ethereal effect convey a wonderful lucidity, and possess openness, freedom, and natural grace. Such works enable viewers to appreciate the aesthetic joy of free imagination.
▌引例
古人用笔极塞实处愈见空灵，今人布置一角已见繁缛。（恽格《南田画跋·题画》）
When painting, classical artists made use of ethereal effect all the more where a dense collection of objects normally was required. However today’s artists no sooner begin to paint than they fill the space with elaborate details.
7.枯淡 Dry Plainness
指诗文作品所呈现的质朴干枯、平和清淡的艺术风格。
This refers to a literary style that appears plain and dry, mild and moderate.
枯淡不是枯涩寡味、平庸浅薄，而是指外表看似干枯平淡、内里丰腴醇厚的一种表现手法，旨在用质朴平淡的语言和描写来表现丰富深刻的思想内容，创造出含蓄深邃、醇厚高远的意境。
▌引例
所贵乎枯淡者，谓其外枯而中膏，似淡而实美，渊明、子厚之流是也。（苏轼《评韩柳诗》）
I value the style of dry plainness because it looks withered and dry outside but is rich inside; it appears plain but is in fact beautiful. Poetry by such writers as Tao Yuanming and Liu Zongyuan is like this.
8.畅神 Free Flow of One's Mind
指精神与自然合一时所达到的自由舒畅的一种审美状态。
The term describes a state of mind one achieves when appreciating an artwork, in which process one's inner feelings interact freely and joyfully with nature.
▌引例
圣贤映于绝代，万趣融其神思，余复何为哉？畅神而已。（宗炳《画山水序》）
As sages of remote past already discovered the philosophical wisdom inherent in nature through imagination and contemplation, what more do I need to do now? All I have to do is relishing the joy when my mind interacts freely with the depicted landscape.
9.高古 Unadorned Antiquity
高远古朴，高雅简古。用于文艺批评，主要指文艺作品中所体现出的意蕴高远古朴、情志高雅，凝重而又深具历史感的艺术风格。
This term describes the quality of loftiness or primitive simplicity, and is used primarily in literary criticism to refer to an ancient nobility, an aspiration or sentiment, or an artistic style of historical gravity.
它有时也指高人雅士独具的一种人格境界。
This term is also used to refer to an elevated state of being attained by noble-minded persons.
▌引例
汉人诗文，存于今者，无不高古浑朴。（章学诚《文史通义·内篇五·妇学篇书后》）
Prose and poetry by Han Dynasty authors, so long as they have survived to this day, all show a lofty adherence to an unadorned antiquity and a charming rusticity.
10.气象 Prevailing Features
原是自然界中景色物候的总称，也指某个时期社会的总体精神风貌。
Qixiang (气象), originally a term about the general state of scenery and physical objects in nature, also refers to the prevailing features of a society in a given period of time.
具体到艺术领域，指艺术作品所呈现出的风格与气概，内涵偏重于宏伟壮大，多用“雄浑”（heroic）“浑厚”（immense）“峥嵘”（sublime）等来修饰。
▌引例
盛唐诸公之诗，如颜鲁公书，既笔力雄壮，又气象浑厚。（严羽《答出继叔临安吴景仙书》）
Works of many poets during the prime of the Tang Dynasty struck readers with their powerful expression, just like the calligraphy of Yan Zhenqing.（内容来源于中国日报网英语点津）
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